Basically it comprises an absorber plate where brackish or saline water is placed, a glass cover through which energy transfer takes place, and a metallic frame with a black base to hold the water and glass. Pdf solar still distillate productivity enhancement by using. The daily thermal efficiency of solar still varies from. Materials and cost materials acquisition a primary objective when designing the solar still was to ensure that all materials and tools necessary. Solar still and its components a solar still is a simple device which works on the principle of condensation and evaporation of water. Over the past century, literally hundreds of solar still plants and thousands of individual stills have been built around the world. Design and implementation of solar still distillation. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass glazing like single slope. Solar distillation is a more simple way to make use of solar energy but still requires certain materials to make the stills, such as glass and cement. The single slope and double slope solar stills are the conventional low temperature solar stills, operating at a temperature below 60oc. Technology fact sheet for adaptation solar distillation i solar. Pdf design of solar distillation system researchgate.
May 14, 2015 this is a relatively simple treatment for salt water, brackish and much polluted water. Some designs reduce this impact by using earth to construct the main body of the solar still so the overall impact is minimal. Proposed model of solar distillation system the base of the solar still is made of. Solar still uses heat energy as input which is obtained from solar radiations. Solar desalination is particularly wellsuited for backyard exper imentation by individuals with little or no technical training. Solar distillation project american society for engineering. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. Solar still distiller to convert from salt water to fresh water through evaporation distillation of water homemade water distiller on stove solar still, pi used these to obtain fresh water from salt water see more. Course content it is expected that after 20 to 25 years from today there is almost no water left that is safe to drink. The course contents covers basics of distillation process, types of distillation, heat transfer in solar still and other alternatives of solar still for desalination of water. Pdf solar still is one of the oldest and simplest techniques for. Passive solar still in a passive still the distillation takes place purely by direct sun light. Solar still distillation systems offer sustainable. Naval academy, and received smme and ocean engineer degrees from mit, and his phd in mechanical engineering from the naval postgraduate school.
The still is over filled each day to flush out sediment. It is a relatively old technology, with the first solar distillation sill put into service in 1872 in chile. In active double effect solar still, a higher yield from the lower basin at noon is due to the high water temperature at that time. Meshal alenazi bader alshumare ali shamsaldeen alkandree mohammed alkhalaf nov. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. Solar distillation uses the sun as the primary source of heat. Of the above two, single slope solar still is more versatile and efficient than double slope solar still. The updated suns river solar still operated with nighttime recovery of distillate from heated cooling water resulting in regeneration of the next days cooling. There are a number of different types of solar distillation, but these are the ones that i have worked with. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Desalination, distillation,solar energy, solar still, sea water, efficiency, electrical conductivity, ph.
Modification and operation of a full solar distillation desalination. Solar water distillation is the process of using energy from the sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. A pot still is a type of distillation apparatus or still used to distill flavored liquors such as whisky. Solar distillation based on pyramid shape solar still a. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation real. Proposed model of solar distillation system the base of the solar still is made of g. Different designs and parametric study of solar water distillation system pm meena. The average yield of distilled water obtained by solar desalination was 4 lm2 day. The untreated water absorbs heat, slowly reaching high temperatures. Elsebaii 8 a triple basin solar still is constructed. Solar distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. Solaqua stills have built upon years of still research and development, use nsf and fda approved materials, and are the state of the art for commercial solar still distillation. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation.
A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by. Different shapes are their own dimension configuration and specific advantage. But now we research that pyramid shape solar still because of its own special advantages over other shape. Arjun vyas, nitin bodar, design of solar distillation system, vol29, april2011. The basic concept of the typical solar still starts with the suns energy going. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers. The mathematical model of basintype solar distillation systems. Aug 26, 20 solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1.
While this equates to roughly 42 usd, the price will make the still unobtainable for many lowincome village households. Kautilya institute of technology and engineering and school of management, sitapura, jaipur. This box is embedded into another box of wood shown in figure 1. Abstract the use of single basin solar stills for water distillation has been well demonstrated. To do this constantly, as the sun rises and sets, would need. Distillation is one of many processes that can be used for water purification, and a heating source. Pdf distillation is a process that removes filth and contaminants to produce still water from available water. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass. All desalination systems, especially those handling seawater or certain wastewaters, must. Introduction for desired amount of solar radiations to be incident in.
Michael maixner was graduated with distinction from the u. The solar distiller should be able to provide a small family with two to four gallons of drinking water per day. A solar still is an apparatus exposed to solar radiation that consists essentially. For heating water solar energy can be harnessed by the use of a system of mirrors following the path of the sun to focus the sunlight on sheets of water in a solar still. How to make a solar still dont buy plastic jugs of distilled water when you can convert it from undrinkable water with this diy project. The rate of evaporation depends on the intensity of the solar radiations incident on the solar still. The still will continue to produce after sundown as the water is still very hot. Z kimambo, improved solar still for water purification 2012. Engineering college, jai narain vyas university, jodhpur rajasthan b. Distillation treatment and removal of contaminants from. A simple solar still assisted by an external solar collector shows increase in fresh water productivity with the increase in solar collector area.
A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. There is an important need for pure and clean drinking water in many developing countries as the available water is either brackish or containing harmful bacteria. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from uttar pradesh technical. This qualitative study proves that solar distillation of sea water is a good option for water treatment. There are several ways to remove saline from sea water, for example evaporation, vaporpressure, and ionexchange membrane method but all of them are not practical for use on a life raft or rescue boat and require big equipments. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. Solar distillation is another application which dates back to the nineteenth century and the simplest form of water still now in use is basically unchanged from the early designs which consisted of a shallow tray, filled with salt or brackish water, and covered by a sloping glass cover plate. Aug 24, 2014 passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric. The most popular solar stills are passive type, in which distillation process occurs within the still through evaporation and condensation 1. Exergy analysis of double slope active solar still under forced.
The most common methods of distillation water treatment include solar distillation and multistage flash msf distillation. The goal of this project is to create a solar powered water distillation device that achieves maximum efficiency while minimizing manufacturing costs per unit. User can calculate the still performance based on some. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households. In passive distillation system, the advanced solar stills prove more effective than conventional basin type one especially during winter and rainy seasons. In this paper, solar water distillation system was fabricated and the above literature survey dealing with the various design of solar water distillation system, various glass thicknesses, tilting angles. The solar still has a shallow black basin to hold the. This is a performance model for solar still distillation by the use of baffles. The energy efficiency of double slope active solar still is higher than the energy efficiency of double slope passive solar still.
New innovation of low cost solar still 1s h sengar, 1y p khandetod, 1a g mohod abstract different solar stills were developed and evaluated for comparison with other solar stills available in market. The aim of inclining a still is to increase the solar radiation, by catching it head on, rather than at an angle as with stills which lie flat. Thermal modelling was done for various types of active single slope solar distillation system. The input of this device would be salt water from coastal regions. The heat causes the water to evaporate, cool, and condense into vapour, leaving the contaminants beh. Pdf there is almost no water left on earth that is safe to drink without purification after 2025 years from today. First, the wick can be tilted so that the feed water presents a better angle to the sun reducing reflection and presenting a large effective. Drinkable sea water before you scream absurd, let me tell you that i am talking about puri a sea water desalinating bottle. Solar stills purify water through distillation, where pure water is vaporized out of collected dirty water and then condensed. Solar distillation practical action 3 wick stills in a wick still, the feed water flows slowly through a porous, radiationabsorbing pad the wick. The course content is contained in the following pdf file. Different designs and parametric study of solar water.
Effect of dye on the performance of a double basin solar still. Solar water distillation is the process of using the energy from sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. Many active distillation systems have been developed to overcome the problem of lower distillate output in passive solar stills. It is done by applying a heat source to the water to turn it to vapor, thereby purifying the water. During rainy days, the still can be altered for rain water collection if needed. Distillation is the process of removing salt from water. Performance analysis of single slope solar still regil badusha a1 and t v arjunan1 corresponding author. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation. Mostly used in solar distillation of solar still are single slope solar still because of their frequency of easy design factor. Solar still distillation, glass, waterproof plywood, pvc pipe, black silicon, different ports, water tds meter. Solar still is a passive solar distillation process and the only energy source needed is. Do it yourself make a solar still to purify h20 without electricity or water pressure buydens, sharon on.
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